Mussolini held audience on a daily basis as part of his efforts to manufacture a persona for public consumption. Between 1823 and 1943 many Germans joined the waves of visitors who sought to meet personally with El Duce, as demonstrated by fully preserved audience lists. The reports and recollections of German pilgrims to Rome, some published here for the first time, show how Mussolini meticulously staged his audiences to achieve maximum effect.
